Storm Catastrope Atlantic and Western Europe - Case Study 25 - 28 December 1999

• I. Introduction
• II. Overview
• Summary of typical cloud features
• Lothar and Lothar successor
• Martin
• III. Physical Background
• Baroclinic zone and surface wave
• Upper level jet streak and left exit region
• Relation between upper level jet streak and surface wave
• The role of Potential Vorticity (PV)
• IV. Weather
• V. Numerical Model forecast problems
• VI. References

References

• ARBOGAST, P., HELLO, G. AND JOLY, A. (2000): A dynamical interpretation of the two French 1999 christmas stor; Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques TOULOUSE
• EQE Summary Report: The European storms Lothar and Martin December 26 - 28, 1999
• EUMETNET: Report from SRNWP/EUCOS meeting, Toulouse 12 - 13 October 2000
• Kurz M.: The December storms in 1999; Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, 2000
• MAAS, A. and VAN DEN BERG, W.: Analyse van de Kerststormen; Meteorologica, jaargang 9, nr 1, march 2000.
• PEARCE R., LLOYD, D. AND MCCONNELL, D.: The post-christmas 'french'storms of 1999; Weather Vol. 56, March 2001.
• PERSON, A.: ECMWF documentation of theFrench storm, I, II and III; O/MOP/22 February - March 2000
• SAUNDERS, F.: The December 1999 European storms; NWP Gazette September 2000
• TIJM, S.: HIRLAM en de kerststormen; Meteorologica, jaargang 9, nr 1, march 2000
• ULBRICH, U., FINK, A.H. KLAWA, M. and PINTO, J.G.; Institut fuer Geophysik und Meteorologie der Unversitaet zu Koeln, Germany: Three extreme storms over Europe in December 1999; Weather Vol. 56, March 200.