EUMeTrain: Cold front over middle Europe

Summary

This case study follows a cold front propagating from the Atlantic towards eastern Europe at the leading side of a deepening upper level trough. Special attention is paid to two waves developing on the cold front. Both of them show similar phases of development, from the first appearance of a cloud bulge to the formation of a cloud spiral.

The whole process can be seen in several types of satellite images: IR, WV and Airmass RGB composit. In the IR images the formation of the both wave buldges, intensification of the frontal cloudiness and cloud spiral development can be followed. The WV images enable the detection of the jet and the intrusion of dry stratospheric air. In the Airmass RGBs the whole process can be followed with an accent on the airmass type and position of the jet stream.

Both waves developed in the area of a pronounced surface trought with a distinct upper level trough at the rear of the cloud buldge. During the course of development both the upper level trough and the surface low intensify.


Derived Parameters reveal that there were several conditions favourable for wave development. The cloud bulge in both wave cases was located in the left exit region of the jet streak under the influence of PVA at 500 hPa. Simultaneously, a PV anomaly was observed behind the frontal cloud band and with the baroclinic conditions in lower levels it caused further cyclogenesis. Dark area at the rear of the front as well as the development of convective clouds after the frontal passage are indicative for a growing PV anomaly.


Vertical distribution of the selected parameters is investigated in the chapter Vertical Cross Sections. Here almost classical appearance for Conceptual Model Cold Front in Cold advection is observed in temperature advection and humidity distribution. Also PV anomaly and the dry intrusion are nicely depicted in the fields of potential vorticity and relative humidity.